What does a title search primarily identify?

A title search primarily identifies claims or liens against the property. This process involves a thorough examination of public records related to the property to uncover any legal matters that might affect the ownership of the property. Specifically, it looks for outstanding mortgages, judgments, or any legal claims that could create issues for the buyer in the future.

By identifying these claims or liens, the title search helps ensure that the title is clear before the property transaction is finalized, protecting both the buyer and the lender from potential disputes or financial loss. Recognizing these legal encumbrances is crucial in real estate transactions, as it determines the property's ability to be sold without complications.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the primary focus of a title search. While market value, location, and property tax history are important factors in real estate, they are not the main elements identified during a title search. Instead, these aspects are typically addressed through property appraisals, surveys, and tax assessments rather than legal document examination.